Projection apparatus.



W. F. FOLMER.

PROJECTION APPARATUS.

APPLIOATION FILED NOV. z, 1907.

Patented Feb. 16, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

W JJEMm-zntoz Witnesses W. F. FOLMER.

PROJECTION APPARATUS.

APPLIO'ATION FILED NOV.2, 1907.

Patented Feb. 16, 1909.

2 SHEBTS-SHEET 2.

.UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM F. FOLMER, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO EASTMAN KODAK 00., OF

ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

PROJECTION .ALPPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent. 7

Patented Feb. 16, 1909.

Application filed November 2, 1907. Serial No. 400,341.

v the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and to the reference characters marked thereon.

My present invention relates to devices for producing images by means of light transmitted through the object upon a screen, usually through the medium of a lens, and, it has for its purpose to provide a cheap and efiicient apparatus suitable for use in the production of enlargements from photographic negatives, the improvements being further directed particularly to providing means for uniformly distributing the light upon the object in orderto obtain uniformity and exactness of reproduction of the image.

To these and other ends the invention 0011- sists in certain im rovements and combinations of parts al as will be hereinafter more fully described, the novel features being pointed out in the claims at the end of the specification.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a top plan 'view of a projecting apparatus constructed in accordance with my invention and showing the preferred embodiment thereof as adapted to a photographic enlarging camera. Fig. 2 is a side elevation. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal central section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a rear elevation. Fig. 5 is a rear elevation of the plate or objective holder in detail, and Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic figure illustrating the paths of the light rays in traveling from their source to the object or negative. v V

Devices of the character indicated, articularly when fitted for photographic en arging 1pur oses, comprise essentially, a support or 01 or for the object or negative upon which a projecting lens, movable relatively there- 'to, is focused to receive rays transmitted through the negative from a source u on. the opposite side thereof. An artificia light, such as the electric arc, is commonly employed, the rays of which are diffused by passage through one or more ground glass or opal plates interposed between it and the latter, the oflice of said negative, but it has also been found necessary for accurate results to employ a condensing systemas well, in order to pro erlydistribute the rays. As a substitute for this latter, which forms a most expensive item in the make-up of the apparatus, I provide a reflecting hood in rear of the difiusion plates having an opening at its outer end for the introduction of the light, the Walls of said hood and particularly the inner surfaces being so proportioned and arranged that the rays rei flected therefrom will strike the diffusion plate and hence the negative at the same points as do the weaker direct marginal rays and reinforce the latter to a strength equaling the intensity of the substantially axial rays traveling a shorter distance.

Referring now to the drawings wherein similar reference characters indicate similar parts, 1 is a bed or, support attached at one end. to a box or body 2 and to a partition member 3 adjacent both and provided with a preferably rectangular opening 4 leading to the exterior of the body at one side of the artition member being when extended, to s old the operator and the exterior adjustable arts of the a paratus from the source of ight and the 111 effects of its heat and intensity, as will later appear.

The body is provided upon what may be termed its lateral sides with oppositely ar ranged o enings within which is arranged to slide free y, transversely of the bed, a removable negativeholder 5, positioned opposite the opening 4 through which the light is introduced and between the source of the latter and a projecting lens indicated generally by the numeral 6. The latter may be mounted in any suitable manner to provide a focal adjustment relatively to the plane of the holder and in the present instance is arranged upon a lens board 7 adjustable vertically upon a front 8 by means of a thumb nut 9, the front in turn being slidably adjustable upon the bed 1 and secured in different positions thereon by a suitable clamping device 10 having an engaging member 11 operating in aT slot 12 in the bed. Connecting the front and body is a collapsible bellows 18 of any suitable construction and serving the usual purposes.

The top and bottom of the walls of the body 2 are provided with grooves constitutgent to 11,-?) at f.

A of that shape) the edges of said opening being provided with rabbets 16 forming a seat against which the negative is inserted and retained as by the spring fingers 17. To accommodate negatives of different sizes, however, there is provided a frame 1 9 for the opening having com lementary rabbets also fitting against the rab ets 16 and held by the fingers 17 in the same manner as a negative, but in turn provided with a rabbeted o ening within which a still smaller and simi arly formed frame 21 can be accommodated and with fingers 20 for holding the latter or a negative 22 and so on to any degree of reduction.

Surrounding the aperture 4 in the partition member 3, there is provided in the present instance, a continuous rectangular groove 23 within which is secured as by the buttons 23 the flanged edge of the larger end of a pyramidal reflecting hood 18 facing the opening, the

walls of which hood diverge toward the latter and converge towardits opposite or rear end where they terminate at an opening 24, at which the illuminant consisting of an electric arc mercury vapor lamp or other suitable light source is arranged. The hood may be conveniently constructed of sheet metal and providedupon its interior surface with a coat of white paint, or. said surfaces may be otherwise rendered reflective. The course of the light is, therefore, through the opening 24, the opening 4, the diffusion plates 14 and negative 22 beyond which it is collected by the lens 6 and projected upon thesensitized or other recording screen placed at a proper focal distance from the lens. But both the cannot be relied upon for the purposes in hand, as they would be of unequal strength at-diiferent points upon either and produce corresponding diversity in the image. This may be clearly seen by reference to the diagram, Fi 6, where 0-?) represents the plane of t e negative; 0 the source'of light; ad and be opposite walls of the reflecting hood; cf an axial ray perpendicular to 0-4) and 9-? an are on the radius cf tans The direct rays are indicated b full lines and the reflected rays by dotted es. The direct marginal rays c i,

0-7:, 0- 1 and c-m striking a'?) at i, k, Z

and m respectively travel greater distances than the axial ray cas they travelbeyond the arc g-h, and are therefore, of course, proportionally weaker than the latter, as the squares of the distances. But the angles and general arrangement of the walls ad and be of the hood are such that the reflected rays cn, c0, cp and c'q incident at n; 0, p and g are also reflected to 0, 7c, Z and m, that is, to points remote from f and reinforce the direct marginal rays to the degree of intensity of the axial rays with the result that the light force at all points on ab, that is, the negative, is uniform and the rays collected by the lens vary only as they are individually resisted by actual passage through the negative. The well known office of the diffusion plates being simply to disperse the rays in all directions, their inter osition is consistent with the foregoing resu ts. Vvere the provisions for marginal reinforcement not provided, the clouded or darkened effects upon these plates would be communicated to the negative.

As before mentioned, the usual and most practical shape ofothe negatives being rectangular, it is advisable in order to utilize all of the light emitted, that the field of illumination be made to correspond. I therefore referably construct the hood with plane wal s and rectangular in cross section,

the dimensions of its section, being the same in their relative proportions to the corresponding dimensions of the seats in the object or ne ative holder.

It will be found convenient to extend the partition member 3 by securing the portions thereof, which project beyond the body and other parts of the apparatus to a wall or barrier as by screws extending through the aperture 25, the said wall being provided with an opening through which the hood projects. The necessarily accessible portions of the apparatus and the operator.

himself are then protected from the light and heat and the sensitized recording sheets niay be more conveniently and safely hand ed. i

I claim as my invention:

1. In a rojection apparatus, the combination wit an object holder, ofa reflecting sions of the same relative proportions as the corresponding dimensions of the seat in the object holder. I

3. In a projection apparatus, the combination with a support, a diffusion plate and lens mounted thereon and an object holder arranged between the latter, of a reflecting hood carried by the support having Walls diverging toward the plane of the diffusion plate and converging toward an opening at its opposite end through Which ight can be admitted to illumine an object arranged inthe holder.

4. In a projection apparatus, the combination with a body having a light admission opening at one end thereof, and a light projecting element at the other and an object holder arranged between said 0 ening and projecting element, of a plate rac condifiusion plate sup orted in said rack be.-

tween the object ho der and light admissionopeningand accessible through a door opening at the side of the body.

5. In a rojection apparatus, the combination Witli a body having a light admission opening at one end thereof and a light projecting element at the other, of an object holder arranged between said opening and rojecting element and comprising a board liaving an opening therein, a removable frame seated in said opening, means for securing the frame in position and means for retaining an object in the frame.

WILLIAM F. FOLMER. Witnesses:

H. H. SnnMs, RUSSELL B. GRIFFITH. 

